The Blame Game Essay Example for Free

The Blame Game EssayWhen I think about lawfulness enforcement, the thoughts that come to mind are to protect and serve its citizens, its people, and the innocent. The Waco Siege is an example of what happens when Law Enforcement Agencies fail to do their most basic job, protect the innocent. The Waco tragedy could shed been avoided if the Law Enforcement Agencies involved had done their job of protecting the innocent and did not make such catastrophic tactical errors. The Waco Siege began on February 28, and ended violently 50 days later on April 19, 1993. The siege began when the United States actors assistant of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) attempted to execute a search warrant at the B paste Davidian ranch at Mount Carmel. After the ATFs failed to execute the search warrant, a siege was begun by the Federal Bureau of Investigation which lasted 50 days, and ended when a foster assault on the blend was made, and then fire engulfed the compound. S even soty- sixsome people died in the fire, including more than 20 children and two pregnant women.As Peter Meyer points out, the mistakes began with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. The 51-day FBI siege of the Branch Davidian compound followed the killing of four ATF agents who were attempting to serve warrants on the occupants. According to Kate OBeirne in her article Waco II the Awful, the committees open up that the ATF could have avoided the killings The agents in charge recklessly proceeded with the raid even though they knew they would encounter armed resistance.She further concluded that the ATFs entire investigation of Koresh and his followers for practical violations of federal gun laws was grossly incompetent. It is clear that the ATF wanted to mount a large- scale military raid (dubbed Showtime), with Koresh as the target (OBeirne). The ATF sought special develop in close-combat fighting from Army Special Forces two months before the bureau had probable cause for a warrant and before its undercover investigation had even begun.The agency rejected an offer by Koresh to permit an inspection of his compound (OBeirne). The arrest warrant could have been served on Koresh when he left the compound, but ATF agents mistakenly believed that he rarely ventured out The agents maintaining 24-hour surveillance from a house across the street didnt know what he looked like. The affidavits filed in support of the arrest and search warrants were pierce with false statements, outdated facts, and inflammatory, unsubstantiated charges of child abuse, which were outside the jurisdiction of the ATF anyway.When over 70 ATF agents, in commando gear complete with ski masks, arrived at the compound to execute their dynamic entry, the Davidians fired on them. The ATF had been expected. The agency had notified the media that something was to happen that weekend, and a TV cameraman in need of directions sought the assistance of a local anesthetic who happened to be a Koresh in- law. He headed straight to the compound. The agents in charge dismissed an ATF undercover agents warning that Koresh knew of the raid (Abrams).Nobody at the ATF has been held accountable for these gross errors in judgment and subsequent lies during a criminal investigation. Two senior raid commanders were fired following an internal investigation, but they were rehired two months later, with back pay and attorneys fees, later complaining through the civil-service system. Suspicions linger that they were rehired, in nonsupervisory roles, to prevent them from making embarrassing disclosures about the agency. In his article The Waco Disaster, David Kopel states that Congress investigated the FBIs actions, too.The committees found that the FBI had failed to appreciate that the pressure on the Davidians bonded them all the more closely and reinforced Koreshs apocalyptic vision of their fate. While FBI negotiators held out hope that a peaceful resolution was possible, the agents became i ncreasingly frustrated with the delays. ace FBI behavioral-science expert counseled patience in a series of memos to headquarters, until he learned that his superiors werent pleased with the tone of his advice They felt it was tying their hands.According to the article Waco Revisited, the author notes, that the FBI agent in charge at Waco testified that the reason the feds eventually turned off the electricity in the compound was that cold and wet FBI staff office resented the presumed comforts of the Davidians. The agents certification indicated that the decision to mount the tear-gas assault was the result of their weariness and frustration they were tired and ticked off. Every reason the FBI gave as necessitating the siege dissolved on close inspection. in that location was no evidence that Koresh was planning a violent breakout the hostage-rescue team didnt have to stand down for training for another two weeks other law-enforcement personnel could have relieved them and guar ded the perimeter and there was no evidence that children in the compound were in immediate jeopardy. The initial assault (Plan A), involving the slow and additive injection of tear gas by tanks into the compound, was undertaken at 602 in the morning. When this non-assault was met with gunfire, Plan B went into effect at 607.Over the next six hours, tear gas was inserted into every portion of the compound, while the buildings were dismantled. There was no Plan C (Meyer). Elliott Abrams argues, that the FBI failed to acknowledge the fact that CS gas was banned for flying field use by 100 nations or that it could make victims incapable of evacuating the area, according to an army field manual. Clearly, FBI officials had miscalculated the Davidians reactions to the gas-and-tank assault, and failed to provide fire protection at the scene.The Waco Tragedy has mother the most controversial law enforcement operation in modern Ameri give the axe history. Although the official investigati on of the incident now places all of the blame for the carnage on the Branch Davidian leader, David Koresh, numerous crimes by government agents were never seriously investigated or prosecuted. If those crimes go unpunished, the Waco incident will leave an odious precedent that Law Enforcement Agents can use the color of their office to commit crimes against citizens.

Dr. Jose Rizal Essay Example for Free

Dr. Jose Rizal EssayTopic (textbook pages, lesson number, unit). Time allotment. Materials Needed * Do not include standard classroom equipment (e. g. , chalkboard). * Include things such as books, colored pencils, PowerPoint presentation, handouts, etc. Objectives * District, state, and national standards (whatever is applicable at the school). * Long-term objectives (describe the lesson as part of a larger idea, such as a one-day lesson on Louis XIV that contributes to understanding the chapter concept on the growth of absolute monarchy). Short-term (lesson) objectives Measurable and specific, phrased in price of the student allow for Procedures * IntroductionStart with a hook (an attention-getter) to introduce the lesson. This should be understandable and relatable, and should activate prior knowledge. * Instruction How will the goals of the lesson be reached? What will the students do to reach the objectives? Will the students complete a learning task in teams? Will the students take notes from a lecture? Closing Students demonstrate that they followed the instructions. This includes anything from sharing teamwork results, to review questions over a lecture or PowerPoint. Independent Work * This includes follow-up work through with(p) in class or as homework. * all work assigned should be an extension of the in-class lesson. Ideally, it simultaneously reinforces the lesson, builds upon it, and creates background knowledge for the next lesson. Assessment * Determine whether or not the goals of the lesson have been reached.Types of assessment whitethorn vary. * Formal assessments include quizzes, tests, work (such as essays) evaluated according to a rubric, etc. * Informal assessments include looking over students completed assignments, question-and-answer sessions, etc. Reflection * This is done after the lesson as a self-reflection exercise. * What parts of this lesson worked well? How might these parts be made even better? * What parts of t his lesson did not work? why? Should these parts be altered, changed, or scrapped?

Media globalisation

Media globalisationWhat do we to a lower placestand by media globalisation? Make an assessment of the arguments for and against globalisation processes.Globalisation can be defined according to (Lodge cited in Ali, 20006) as the process whereby the beings hoi polloi are becoming increasingly interconnected in all facets of their lives- cultural, economic, political, technological, and environmental. Since (Dominick,2002513) noted that information is being produced at a rate that is four times faster than the consumption of information. And media globalisation has contributed to increasing media production and consumption, this essay will outline the different views somewhat the advantages and dis advantages of global telecasting (TV). There is a general tendency to believe that just about of the traditional definitions of globalisation focus primarily on economics issues,how constantly, (Giddens, 2003,10) refuted that saying to see the phenomena almost completely in economic t erms is a mistake. Globalisation is political, technological, and cultural, as well as economic. However, he was not straight in articulating the relation amongst globalisation and media, he rather described it as the intensification of world-wide social relations, which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are regulate by events occurring many miles away and vice versa (Giddens,199064). Even though he does not directly refer to media globalisation but it can be still from the context. ( Rantanen,20056) commented that althoughGiddens does not mention media and communication, it is obvious that the worldwide social relations are intensified by them. Media globalisation includes many means such as internet, telecasting,cinema, radio, and opposite digital media. Television can considered to be a main medium in life. (Schneider and Wallis,19887) claimed that television could united the world. However, television has been affected considerably by globalisatio n(Sinclair, Elizabeth, and Stuart, 19961) stated that a sea-change in television systems around the world began in the late 1970s. An integral element in the various complex phenomena usually captured under the rubric of globalisation.There has been a highly-charged debate on determining the benefits and drawbacks of global transmit TV. Some scholars say that there are many advantages that come on with global TV, for instance, (Curtin,2005156) contended that during the satellite era, electronic media can easily transmit images and information from one locale to any given combination of points around the world at relatively the same cost and velocity.It is noteworthy that, Communication media play a crucial role in the global epoch. Satellite TV, for instance, has enabled viewers worldwide to find diversified information and images. Therefore, it has contributed to widen their friendship about other cultures in the world. Moreover, the producers of the most closed global TV has c hanged their policy in order to hunt down their audience base outside their regions. Arab global television networks producers,for example, convinced, according to(Sinclair,Jacka, and Cunningham, 1996124), that satellite services are essential to project Arab culture internationally.Further, (kim,2005449) suggested that television stands as the dominant representation of global culture. To put that in other words, in satellite era, information monopolisation has been eliminated, as a result of that, kettle of fish has been undermined and national peoples culture become available for everyone to look at. That has led, on some occasions, to reduction of some local malpractices (Curtin,2005157) asserted that national regimes no longer leave information monopolies nor can they justify their actions by reference to tradition or to divine cosmologies. Fate no longer governs human existence, as media embolden more than active and reflexive citizenries.Moreover, media globalisation ha s decreased the differences of ethnicity, religion, gender or literacy between people. As a consequent, their expanded experience and knowledge about others cultures absorb contributed to encourage them to evolve and modernize themselves. As (Curtin,2005289) put it Satellite television figures prominently in scholarly speculation about globalization, since it has the potential to cross boundaries of class, gender, ethnicity and literacy,in addition to nation. Scholars what is more suggest that satellite TV moves audiences towards a shared repertoire of images and ideas, thereby encouraging modernization.Furthermore, reflexivity is considered to be the nucleus of global media, to be more precise, the knowledge that people have been obtained about other cultures would consequently reflex on their lives and enable them to compare and criticize their own lives . It would resulted also in shifting their perceptions about life which has led predominantly, to improve their standard of li vings, (Kim,2005447) manifested that people have a reflexive and critical engagement with the new global television culture, which involves learning to portion with their life conditions in a new light. In addition, satellite TV has given the worldwide audience a broaden chance to make between a myriad of international satellite channels which cater to the diversity of linguistics regions all over the world.(Sinclair,Jacka, and Cunningham, 19963) said that new satellite and cables length delivery systems permitted the opening up of viable international channels. Undoubtedly, English is the most dominant language in the world which most of the channels have spoken in. (Kim,2005455) considered English, as a language of global modernity.Therefore, many people have endeavored to learning it. Global television is well-regarded and beneficial medium to advance and master it. listening to news, drama, entertainment programmes, movies, for example, has introduced a practical way to lis tening practice. (Kim,2005455) contended that learning English and involving ourselves with wider Western culture through travel and global television is a constructive way to learn it. Besides, Global television has brought out financially profits to many worldwide media corporations, for instance, (Sinclair, Elizabeth, and Stuart, 19965) mentioned that the existence of sizeable Arab populations outside the heart East, mainly in Europe, North America, and Asia, opens up new markets for Arab-language programming.Media globalisation has provided substantial opportunities for many media companies to rise their profits even though, the domination of the largest media companies on the world media communication markets, according to(Dennis and Merrill,1996225) The main benefits of global media is that people are better informed and get a wider range of information and entertainment than ever before. people worry that a few companies will dominate world communication, but many small ent repreneurs are also flourishing, and entry into the communication market is easier than it has ever been in human history.On the other hand, media globalisation has been criticised by many media communication scholars due to its negative effects on people and countries. It has been postulated that the prevalence of satellite channels has been accused of invading peoples life, customs , traditions or cultures because those channels have shown what do not aligned with some peoples way of living resulting in changing their lifestyle and manner.. In Arab world, serious steps have been taken toward eliminating the harmful effects of some TV programmes which do not suit with the Islamic communities. (Sinclair,Jacka, and Cunningham, 1996122) claimed that most of the programming available from satellite services contains material that is not acceptable in Islamic societies. Sex, nudity, obscenity, and violence are considered offensive by Islamic leadership.

Samsung Electronics Company | Analysis

Samsung electronics Company AnalysisContents (Jump to)1. Introduction2. Samsungs combative Advantage3. Samsungs commission AnalysisSWOT Analysis of Samsung4. Samsungs bodily Strategy4.1 The Eco Friendly Competitiveness4.2 Mutual Development With Business Partners4.3 yeasty Culture5. Samsungs Competitive Analysis5.1 Competitive Analysis on Samsung5.2 Innovations as the Essence of Sustainable Development5.3 International Production Capabilities6. Key Drivers for Future Growth6.1 Samsung Key Drivers for Future Growth6.2 Samsung Electronic 2011 Sustain cogency Plan6.3 Samsung Electronics Sustainability Reports 20126.4 The Live Smart Product and Samsung S sweep upholders6.5 Samsung 9 Material Issues as Key Driver for Future Growth7. Samsung Technology PlanningExhibit 11. INTRODUCTIONSamsung Electronics Company began doing business in 1969 as a low-cost manufacturer of black and white televisions. In 1970, Samsung acquired a semi communicateor business which would be a milestone that initiated the future for SEC. Entering the semiconductor industry would alike be the beginning of the shift phase for SEC. In 1980, SEC showed the merchandise its ability to mass output. SEC became a major supplier of commodity harvestings (televisions, microwave ovens and VCRs) in massive quantities to well-known original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). For this reason, Samsung was able to easily transition into a major player in the electronic products and home appliances market (Quelch Harrington, 2008).SEC was mainly foc utilize in manufacturing therefore, its no surprise that the executives themselves were also centralizeed on their manufacturing plants. Profits that SEC received were soon reinvested into Research Development, manufacturing, and supply chain activities.Unexpectedly, in 1997, a financial crisis hit the Asian market. Even though SECs sales were $16 one million million million, they still had a negative net profit. SEC executives exercised major restruct uring efforts that resulted in the dismissal of 29,000 workers and the sale of billions in corporate assets. SEC was able to card the Asian Financial Crisis and was able to reduce its debt dramatically to $4.6 billion, from $15 billion, over a 5 year period. Furthermore, SEC was able to increase its net margins from -3% to 13% (Quelch Harrington, 2008).In 2002, SEC posted net profits of $5.9 billion, on $44.6 billion in sales, and as a result in 2003 became the most widely held rootage among all emerging market companies. Unlike other companies who chose to outsource their manufacturing process, SEC stoped committed to its core competence, manufacturing (Quelch Harrington, 2008). During 1998-2003, SEC invested $19 billion into chip factories and $17 billion into manufacturing facilities for TFT-LCDs, which would be a major fixings for flat screen TVs and computer screens. Even though SEC was focused in the manufacturing process, it didnt make SEC a rigid gild. To cope with su pply-chain demands, the company remained tractile by building 12 manufacturing plants in China during 2003 and setting up RD facilities in India (Quelch Harrington, 2008).With 17,000 scientists, engineers and aimers, SEC was able to shape an endless amount of digital products. Due to its fast decision-making process and focus on a digital future, SEC was able to move a recent product from the drawing board to its commercialization phase in only five months. This ability was almost 3 times faster than its competition (Quelch Harrington, 2008).2. SAMSUNGS war-ridden ADVANTAGECompetitive proceedsis defined as the strategic advantage one business entity has over its rival entities within its competitive industry. Achieving competitive advantage streng pasts and positions a business better within the business environment. Samsung has always seeks out the opportunities for the company stay ahead of the opponents.In todays fast-paced competitive environment, Samsung face the imp overishment to be increasingly competitive and adaptive. Samsung strategic entrepreneurship as the means through which the company simultaneously exploits their current competitive advantages while exploring for future opportunities. Achieving a agreement mingled with exploration and exploitation consists of more than merely allocating resources evenly between the two processes. Exploration and exploitation argon surgical processally, structurally, and culturally distinct processes.In shape for Samsung to stay gain their competitive advantage they have utilized their resources to maximize their output or end products. Resources such as adult male resources, money, machineries and materials atomic number 18 universe strategized to stay ahead and be the clueer the global market.The first advantage Samsung has created was by grooming the human resources. The company ac experienced the need for the employees to work in conducive working environment. Samsung created a family-fri end working environment, which suspends the team members participate in the vexing and improving ideas. Samsung even sponsored their employees for MBAs and PHDs class to pause and enhance their human resources skills. As a result of years of human capital investment, Samsung has a high concentration of skilled engineers and labour. The company argon able to recognizement the human resources and knowledge which lead directly tingeed Samsungs operation by producing a higher productivity and caliber of the product s and services.The low cost strategy by Samsung allowed them to be very competitive in the global market. Samsungs ability to negotiate with supplier, gave them the advantage of cost raw material. Samsung won several(prenominal) awards every year since 1995 for their death penalty, pure tone and reliability of their products and services. Hence, this gave the advantage for them to negotiate with suppliers to supply them the raw material at the lowest cost possible o r even at premium. Samsungs high fitting cultural to clean and fast changing market demand made them an aggressive market reader.As part of their competitive advantage strategy, Samsung setup a centralized research and increase (RD) facilities. Most of their competitors have their RD facilities and takes facilities geographically scattered around the globe. The centralization gave them to opportunities to continuous explore and exploit greater products and invention for pertly technology, as well as innovation for existing technology. The Washington Post on 12 November 2012, in the article Apple vs. Samsung battle of the Innovation Strategies, was anatomy 4 in the 10 most innovative companies after Apple, Google and 3M. However Samsung was at the number 6 spot in the top 10 RD spendthrift compared to Apple not on the top 20 list. For example, Samsung invested heavily on the new bendable screen technology for smart phone. They planned to launch the new product in 2013, where ot her competitors are still developing to commercialize the new technologyMost of the innovation for the Samsung products shared the identical core design. Samsung flexible product line able them to materialize those ideas to end products with minimal cost occurred. For every new invention and innovation, Samsung does not need to set up a new facility. The results, higher yield against the cost of the production. Lower cost of productions allowed Samsung to offer attr participating and competitive expense for the consumer. The relatively lower cost implements roundabouts of populate for the pricing strategy to work with.Centralization of the RD facilities and the production facilities, desire Samsung to maximize their resources and machinery. High adaptation to adjust the course of production, able Samsung to break and broad market their five major products division of Semiconductor, digital technology, telecommunication, LCD and digital appliances. The results, production varie ty of product mix with lower cost to meet the guest demand. fling the market with variety or multi product piece, gave Samsung the advantage to other competitors. Example, by providing the varieties of models and product features, Samsung are able to tab to a larger market segment compare to Apple or Nokia. Centralization of RD also gave Samsung the advantage to keep their intellectual property within their boundary and mass produce at the same time.Samsung is an aggressive market reader. They are the early adopters of new technology and innovation, while their competitors still in RD progress or even finding the market quoin to commercialize the products. Samsung has an aggressive learning curve, which them an advantage and ability to read the market demand better than other competitors. As the result they are able to produce customized products to meet the customer demand. Samsung stable and strong financial portfolio, gave them the advantage to launch and adopt through aggress ive marketing campaign and promotion. Positions themselves before any competitor does by identifying the customers need and demand to enhance their lifestyle. The information and data gathered, along with the close monitoring of the market trend, able Samsung to customize to customer need. Samsung have a large product portfolio, which cover broad market and at all level.Samsung has been in the market since the 60s and has been well established. Acknowledging and creating the competitive advantage ensure their dominant in the industries. The fact that they are in the top 5 in smart phone vendor and shipment for 3rd quarter 2012, with 31.3% market share, proofed that they are the major player in the industry.Continuous exploration and exploitation of market and technology through RD, allow Samsung to be a solution provider for human kind on their daily living. Samsung is a brand name that re incloses the qualities, technologies, lifestyles and benchmark in the industries.3. SAMSUNGS M ANAGEMENT ANALYSISThe management SWOT epitome covers cardinal dimensions that is to say the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. By going through a SWOT analysis, you become aware of the most important dimensions that have an impact on the operations of the company. Once a SWOT analysis has been jolted you can come with relevant strategies in order to succeed in the competitive environment.A good SWOT analysis can help the company and competitors place themselves in the market wisely. Therefore, here we look at the SWOT Analysis of Samsung to give you an idea of how the company is operating(a) in the world.3.1 (S)trengthsSamsung has a wide product range, which allows them to grab ample market share from various(a) markets. This allows Samsung to not only earn a high happen but it also allows them to diversify their risk and failure. According to many magazines, Samsung holds a significant portion of the market share in nearly all its products.Samsung is a reputed nam e and many people are familiar with it around the world. It also has won many awards on its high quality products. It has the ability and resources to use the up-to-the-minute technology and offer new and exciting features frequently. It has won many awards collectible to its ability to make innovative, sleek and slim products. It has set up many production plants in low cost locations, thus they save on cost of production significantly. It also recently has lureed ample positive press, thus its reputation continues to move up and has a positive impact on the operations of the company.3.2 (W)eaknessesSamsung never introduces a new design on its own it always waits and sees to its competitors. Thus, it missed the first operator advantages. It does not charge high price for its products, therefore much people relate the low price to begin a supplier of low quality products. General perception supports that the higher the price, the higher the quality of products. Many Samsung pr oducts are not user friendly, therefore consumer often hesitate to switch to Samsung products even if the price and quality is exceptional.It does not focus on a specific niche it offers its products to the mass market only. It does not create its own software therefore it often relies on other sources to complete the products. Samsung faces immense competition from new companies and online companies. High set up and operation cost for such a company.3.3 (O)pportunitiesSamsung should make an active effort to offer unique products to customers, in order to grab more market share. It could start creating softwares for their hardware devices and reduce outsourcing. It could launch sub brands to the company, with new and alter strategies. It could open more stores to serve more customers. It could make an effort to launch creative products first, rather than after its competitors.Samsung should participate in product development and attract more customers. It should also consider parti cipating in various events to attract attention. It could offer additional services to retain existing customers and attract new ones. emergence in the need for mobile phones, Samsung could exploit this need well.3.4 (T)hreatsSamsung has linked product lines, which means that if one product line fails due to its own reasons other product lines will also suffer. Samsung production is very scattered it controls and operates different products while its competitors use their resources and effort on one segment only. Diversification takes a lot of effort and attention. It has set up production plants in low cost areas, which are consequence to ample political and economic instability. These instabilities can have an impact overall company it the crisis gets unmanageable. It is facing threats from many other low cost companies.Various companies have realized the importance of advertising, therefore Samsung will be subject to a lot more competition as advertising creates and draws atten tion of consumers. Countries all over the world are experiencing a high cost due to high inflation rates in most locations. Many presidential limit legislations are now active against the innovative technology due to health and moral concerns.The above section clearly reveals the SWOT Analysis of Samsung. By going through the SWOT Analysis of Samsung you can understand and further evaluate the companys performance to your own advantages. However, the above SWOT Analysis of Samsung is limited to certain significant points only. Therefore, when evaluating a company it is best to search online for more SWOT Analysis of Samsung so that you have all the information you need to assess the company.4. SAMSUNGS CORPORATE STRATEGY4.1 The Eco Friendly battleThe company have shown high concern in develop Eco friendly products in order to reduce environmental impact. A wide range of activities were carrying out by Samsung to deliver an innovative eco friendly products to customers. These a ctivities were guided by their focus on green management, products, workplaces and communities. Samsung green management policy was aim to boost development on greener environment through their business activities.4.1.1 Eco ProductsIn 2004, Samsung develop a governing body that manages products compliance with environmental criteria. It was named as Eco Design Assessment System. This system ensure Samsung products comply with environmental criteria such as resource susceptibility and eco-friendly materials as what being stated in global environment regulation. (About Samsung 2012). The system than was being upgraded by introduces eco rating system to all developed products. This rating system will rate the product to three categories which are eco product, good eco- product or premium eco product. Recently, Samsung has set a goal to ensure that 100% of their products spend good eco product by 2013. (About Samsung 2012).In addition, Samsung also believes that its product shou ld have long lifecycles in order to meet environmental sustenance requirement. Therefore, Samsung implemented a strategy that providing reasonable product warranty. Recently, Samsung also come out with innovations that extending the lifecycle of certain product type. Samsung introduce its innovative technology called smart evolution kit. This technology enables customers to manifestly upgrade television processor or software by plugging the business card size kit at the second of television. This technology support customer to upgrading rather than replacing.4.1.2 Recycling ActivityThe next strategy take by Samsung is in respond of requirement of recycle laws that increasingly interested by government in Asia and America. Samsung electronics have develop a proper take back systems by collaborate with the government and related industry associations to develop an effective take back system by meeting the obligation. Samsung implement these activities by implement several voluntar y take back programs for its product that at the end of their lifecycle. Among them are Samsung Recycle Direct which operates in USA, and India. This program enables people to drop off Samsung products at collection site or Samsung service centre. Samsung also offers take back service for mobile phone and portable products for consumer around the worldSamsung also launched in (Samsung Take back And Recycling) STAR in 2005 to ensure proper recycling process. Under this program, all returned printer cartridge will recycle to something useable. The part that cannot be recycled will be disposed and treated in a honorable way. (About Samsung,2012)4.2 Mutual development with business spousesSupplier relationship is crucial to any organization. Suppliers can directly impact the financial performance of an organization as they will influence product development cost, manufacturing schedules, inventory levels and timeliness of delivery goods or services. Samsung realize that its worthwhile to have investment focus on this relationship in order to be effective and efficient.4.2.1 Strengthened relationship with supplierAccording to Olsen and Ellram (1997), the link between the characteristic between of the relationship such as institutionalize and cooperation need for further research. In order to be a true global leader in industry, Samsung believe it business partners relationship is a line element. Samsung shared it growth with outstanding suppliers by expanded its support programs to become global companies. The support programs were involved in activities that provide training, technological supports and funds. The communication between Samsung and its supplier were being strengthened by listening to voice of their suppliers from a top management visit on a regular basis.Recently, Samsung also are in planning to put more sharing growth activity with their key suppliers such as free use of unvarnisheded technologies, support for patent registration of new techno logy developed by supplier.4.2.2 Corporate Social ResponsibilityIn line with its strategy to support the local communities and its commitment to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Samsung have come out with the strategy to choose and evaluate their supplier by integrating CSR element in the criteria. CSR activities are festering rapidly in many international organizations. These CSR activities provide Samsung with important opportunities and competitive advantages.Samsung take innovative strategy by conducting annual supplier evaluation including CSR activities and acquisition as part of its evaluation. This strategy is aim to give supplier incentives as their participation in CSR activities structure by Samsung to fulfill common code of conduct by Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalitions (EICC). The CSR evaluation criteria consist of 20 different areas including ban of child labor, occupational safety and health and environment management4.3 Creative CultureSamsung realize that high employees participation in the company growth is essential in order to let them feel sense of dignity, pride and self-control of organizations vision. Samsung strategy to build creative organisational culture in strengthen the competencies of their employees are giving great positive impact on Samsung competitiveness. According to Keyton (2012), organizational culture is not a tangible thing, like an iceberg, it is less to be visual seen but imagined by sets of artifacts, value, and assumption that are designed, managed and exposed by organizational members and through their interactions. Samsung comply with this theory by actively promote creative organizational culture that allows their employees to pursue a healthy work life labyrinthine sense in a creative and challenging work environment. Samsung also are welcoming employees that with different background and facilities.4.3.1 DiversitySamsung is committed to create work environment that support the diversity of th e global market the serve. Every employee in this company regardless of gender, race, and or country of origin should be treating equally in give a voice. Diversity management strategy takes by Samsung is classify into two basic directions. First, it focuses on diversity for minorities which concern the issues on inequality. The strategy are undertakes in upgrade policy and systems to allow people with diverse traits to work creatively. Second, it focuses on diversity perception on all employees. The strategy is aims to foster creative organizational culture that respect diversity by changing the mindset and perception of all employees.These diversity strategies are being demonstrated by offering various programs for female and disabled employees. Female employees are being offered to various programs that supports their commitment to both work and home. It includes parental leave and in house child care facilities. Samsung also have implement separate recruitment program for disabl ed graduate and internship program for disable students. Samsung continuously support diversity for minors by improving facilities for disabled employees in order to build culture as an ideal workplace.4.3.2 Talent based recruiting of software and design expertFuture churchman challenge is a talent based recruiting process designed to hire new employees in software engineering and design which two criteria creativity and expertness are the key factors. The recruitment process were not conventionally ask for written exam but let candidate to proof their talents by submitting occupation as evidence to their resume or certificate. Selected applicants will undergo interview sessions to test their technical ability and evaluation on their ideas and solution. (Samsung Electronic Sustainability Report 2012)5. SAMSUNGS agonistical ANALYSIS5.1 Competitive analysis on SamsungA competitive advantage is an advantage gain over competitor by offering customers greater value either through extr a benefit, value added criteria or price factors. Competitive advantage is essential for a company like Samsung in order to be sustainable and successful over the long term. The sustainability of Samsung today is the result from the effort has been taken to some key elements of their remarkable triumph.5.2 Innovations as the essence of sustainable developmentSamsungs sustainable development is backed by innovation to several forces that become key success for Samsung. The innovation take by Samsung to overall business operation are addressing key issues surrounding quality and cost. Samsung strictly focuses in these issues by undergo innovation process to get lower manufacturing costs, high profits and pass on the market swiftly. In this section well look on the factors that encourage innovation in Samsung business operation that at the eventually will lead to competitive advantage.5.2.1 Effective RD systemSamsung electronics have developed an effective RD system at headquarters a nd product divisions. The engineers will work on long term project or multiple division projects at corporate RD lab. The lab used by them also is supported by Headquarter and Product division.In addition, Samsung also develop their RD centers in various locations. This can help RD team to identify or observe future trends and opportunity for their technology capabilities and key technologies. This capability is manage effectively by having extensive training system to develop leadership talent. Sophisticated mechanism and evaluation system also are being used to take calculated risk when exploring new markets. This action shows that Samsung are very careful when explore new product opportunity. The team also needs to develop contingency plans to prepare different scenario that might being happen.5.2.2 Creative talentSamsung aware that innovation is the main source to being remain competitive in this industry. The only way to improve innovation performance is by employing managers t hat have right set of skills and always like to experiment and take the risks. This kind of leaders are important in directs the organization in creative work culture. The brave decision take by a leader can encourage new mindset and way of thinking to the subordinates. The awareness of need for innovation has made Samsung implement several actions to demonstrate their focus on it. In four years, Samsung have double up numbers of workers working on design, budget for design were increased by 20 -30 percent annually and more design centers were opened. (Strategic Direction, 2005)5.3 International production capabilitiesRecently, Samsung are facing great competition in order to sustain in industry. The competitors have recovered Samsung competitiveness by investment in offshore production. Increased overseas productions are seems to be the key major component in their strategic response. In this section, well discuss on how international production capabilities perform by Samsung lea d this company to be competitive in industry by reviewing some major action taken by them.5.3.1 Expansion of offshore productionStarting in 1970s, Samsung have started to look over international linkage to acquire product designs and marketing dismissal and focus on its mass production capability. In 1990s, Samsung have shown rapid expansion of offshore production as their major strategy. The strategies followed by improvement of RD capabilities to remain they are still competitive in rapidly changing environment.International production capabilities are important for Samsung in order to reap cost competitiveness by utilizing the low cost resources available in South East Asia. Youngsoo Kim (1998) claimed that Samsung implement this strategy by establishing Singapore based purchasing office in 1991 to speed up the internationalization of production. This key intermediary is aggressively played its role in purchasing and distributes huge amounts of component and its affiliates.Since 1990s, Samsung productions plants in Asia were in several countries ranging from end products to components including China, Vietnam, Malaysia and India. The presence of Samsungs production in Asia was increasingly determining its secure position in the industry by having good connection between production capabilities and marketing objectives.5.3.2 Well trained employees in Asian affiliatesSamsung have to make sure their offshore production sites are producing products that follow the specification decided by them. This is important in order to make Samsung are able to reap cost competitiveness by producing in low cost resource country. Samsung meet this condition by trained the employees in its Asian affiliates or sending Korean trainers to the affiliate.In 1990, technicians from refrigerator plant in Indonesia were sent to South Korea for conducting a training session for 3 months. One third of Samsung Microwave plant in Malaysia was also being trained in Korea. These actions h ave benefits Samsung when the ratio of component sourced from nearby regional suppliers had risen above 50 percent. (SMM, September 1993)6. KEY DRIVERS FOR FUTURE GROWTH6.1 Samsung Key drivers for future growthThe involvement of Samsung in electronic and mobile market needs them to survive within the industries for the next 20 years. In the other it means that Samsung have to set their key drivers that can allow them archive as well as a benchmark for the future growth. This key driver also is based on Samsung achievements and capabilities that they have now and then to continue with adding some more new keys to guide them to realize their vision and mission. The keys driver for Samsung future growth is also known as their sustainability in present towards the future. Focusing on Samsung Electronics, Samsung sustainability showed that their performance in surviving the industries and can be also as a benchmark to survive in the future. According to Nidomulu and Prahalad (2009) compa ny that make sustainability a goal will achieve competitive advantage in the future , that mean rethinking business models as well as technologies, products and processes. In 2010, Samsung sustainability performance and plan focusing on talent management, integrity management, green management, social contribution, partners collaboration and products/services. For 2011 they set 9 material issues as a focusing to sustainability in future growth (1) Creative Organizational Culture (2) Employee Health and Safety (3) Integrity focal point (4) Increasing Social Contribution (5) Patent (6) humor Change and Energy (7) Water Management (8) Mutual Growth (9) Supplier CSR(Corporate Social Responsibilities) based on Samsung Electronics Sustainability Report 2012.6.2 Samsung Electronic 2011 Sustainability PlanFor Talent Management plan in 2011, Samsung plan to, introduce telecommuting/ work at home scheme for married employees, increase percentage of female executive, set up idea proposal sy stem at oversea research centers and hire new recruits with disabilities. Samsung plan on Integrity Management was to improve compliance program also related activities, declare compliance management and signing of the compliance agreement by employees. Instead of talent and integrity management Samsung also focus on Green Management plan which the plan to set 96% ratio of Eco-product development, set long/mid-term targets for water management, build a global environmental management system and support for outside country partners environment management system. In developing Social Contribution Samsung plan to introduce new regional social contribution based on global guidelines (Samsung Hope for Children) and to create tools in assessing impact of social contribution programs. Samsung needs a supportive partner in o

Relationship Between Rubber Hand Illusion And Interoceptive Awareness

Relationship Between Rubber Hand Illusion And Interoceptive AwarenessWhen and artificial tidy sum is placed in a position compatible with the participants own posture, i.e. a position that is plausible anatomically with regard to the participants body, then the combination of visual stimulus from the no- pecker softwood and tactile foreplay to the participants hidden heap produces the feeling that the gumshoe hand is part of the body in around half of participants. The incidence of the illusion as well as its intensity is substantially reduced when the visual and tactile stimuli are applied asynchronously, so that the feeling on the hand is not matched by what the participant sees on the base hitize hand. This reduction also occurs when the rubber hand is put in a posture that is anatomically implausible(e.g. Tsakiris Haggard, 2005).The bourn interoception was coined by Charles Sherrington (1907) in the same paper that he introduces the terms proprioception and exterocepti on. in the original definition, the term referred solely to visceral sensations. However, now it has come to encompass the physiological state of the body as a whole, and the mechanism by which afferent information reaches conscious awareness and affects behaviour, which back tooth occur both indirectly and directly. Interoception relates to the government agency in which people perceive feelings from their bodies that affect mood, the sense of well-organism and even emotions (Cameron, 2002). The field of interoception has been aided greatly by the advent of functional imaging. Thus far, interrogation has been limited in its scope to contribute to the understanding of self-awareness and, by extension, consciousness.The rubber hand illusion has important implications for interoception because it implies that information from proprioceptors- the mechanoreceptors in the hand and arm- can be overridden fairly easily by visual information. However, it is important to remember that it is not visual information alone that the participant is subject to they are also receiving proprioceptive input to their unseen hand. Ramachandran (2005) suggests that rather than the more(prenominal) cognitive Helmholtzian unconscious inference explanation posited by others (e.g. Lackner, 1988), the rubber hand illusion can be explained from a Bayesian perspective. Several (e.g. Alais Burr, 2004 Ernst Banks, 2002) have shown that adults are able to integrate information both within and between senses in what appears to be a statistically optimum (Bayes-optimal) fashion. The fact that Bayesian sit arounds fit human behavioural results so well fits with the evidence that synchronous stimulation in two modalities can bring close to changes in interoception. In a more natural environment, the probability of seeing something in the go forthside world being stimulated and feeling identical stimulation on a consistent body part is vanishingly unlikely and so it seems unsurprising t hat the neural machinery that fuses information between the senses is subject to this illusion.A more recent experiment has shown that both the afferent and efferent elements of the body in motion are able to influence the feeling of ownership (Tsakiris, Prabhu Haggard, 2006). The authors found that the rubber hand illusion could be elicited solely on the basis of hand movements. In a variation on the methodology, participants had a virtual hand projected to the front of them while their own hand was hidden. Both the participants tycoon finger and the same finger of the virtual hand underwent up and down motions, which could be done either actively or passively. When movements were in synchrony, participants reported that they snarl as if their own hand was nearer the virtual hand than when motion was asynchronous as in the classic illusion. Under the passive condition, as in the classic condition, the illusion is a result of integration of visual and proprioceptive information. Conversely, thither is also efferent information signalling that the finger is moving in the active condition. One difference between the conditions was that the proprioceptive drift only touch the index finger in the passive condition. The rest of the fingers were not perceived as being closer to the virtual hand. However, in the active condition, proprioceptive drift affected the whole hand. Therefore, the effect was more local when afferent information alone was available, but more global when there was efferent information as well. Tsakiris et al came to the conclusion that efferent information can influence interoception and the sense of bodily ownership by unifying the body into a coherent whole.One doable argument against the view that the rubber hand illusion shows that visual information can override proprioceptive information is that the participant may simply be speaking metaphorically when they say that they feel as if the rubber hand is part of their body. This proble m arises from the fact that measures of the extent of the elusion are based on self report. Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) studies have examined whether the rubber hand is truly incorporated into the participants body image. Evolutionarily, it is necessary to protect the body from physical harm, and so threat to they body elicits feelings of anxiety, the withdrawal tendency, and increased autonomic arousal (e.g. Cooke Graziano, 2003 Kalisch et al, 2005). Therefore, it seems fair to say that for something to qualify as being part of the body, the brains homeostatic mechanisms should react as if it is when it is under threat. This hypothesis has received support from the fact that hitting the table near the false hand with a hammer leads to increased GSR during the rubber hand illusion (Armel Ramachandran, 2003). There was no change in GSR during the control condition in which the rubber and real hands were stimulated asynchronously.Ehrsson et al (2007) have gone even further than thi s and shown using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging that areas of the brain associated with interoception, i.e. the introductory cingulate cortex and insula are active during the rubber hand illusion. The convexity cortex of the anterior cingulate and cingulate cortex have been shown to become active during both the experience of pain and anticipation of it (e.g. Craig et al, 1996 Wager et al, 2004). The anterior parochial cortex has also been shown to become active during pain anticipation, the experience of pain and also pain empathy (e.g. Singer et al, 2004). Furthermore, coactivation of these regions during experiments has been linked to interoceptive awareness and emotional touch on (Farrell, Laird Egan, 2005 Craig, 2003). The authors suggested that the activity they found in response to threat to the rubber hand most likely reflected participants anxiety as they were elevated more when the participant felt ownership of the rubber hand than when they did not. Significant ly, this activity was specific to threats to the body and was not seen in response to empathy for pain or looking at the syringe (which was employ to threaten the rubber hand). This is strong evidence that the rubber hand illusion leads to changes in the participants interoception.Tsakaris (2010) describes the rubber hand illusion as a model exercise of how the normal sense of embodiment works, and argues that it can be used to examine how the experience of the body as belonging to the individual comes about, is maintained, and perhaps even how it can be disturbed. He puts forward a neurocognitive model in which body ownership is the result of interactions between certain information from all of the senses and internal models regarding the body. This model begins with pre-existing models of the body that are stored in the slump temporo-parietal junction. These allow distinction between objects that may be embodied and those that may not. Subsequently, on-line postural and anatom ical representations of the body (in the secondary somatosensory cortex) allow modulation of this multisensory information. This in turn allows the visual and haptic co-ordinate systems to be recalibrated in order to respond to current demands of the environment. This is done by the ventral premotor and posterior parietal cortices, which contain neurons that code for recalibration of the hand-centred co-ordinate system. This results in referral of haptic sensation that leads to subjective experiences of body ownership, which arises in the right posterior insula.Some similar ideas are expressed by de Vignemont. She argues that bodily sensations are experience through a multimodal spatial representation of ones body. This view leads directly to the prediction that the sense of ownership of the body should be influenced by information in the visual modality, as in the rubber hand illusion. She also points out that proprioceptive information decays very quickly while the hand is station ary, and that it is often vision that dominates the other sensory modalities (e.g. Welch and Warren, 1986). This provides further support for the idea that the spatial bailiwick of haptic sensations should rely more on the visual modality than proprioception. This can account for the fact that when Botvinick and Cohen asked their participants to reach towards the hand that had been stimulated (using their other hand), this motion was displaced toward the rubber hand rather than their unseen hand. This distortion of proprioception and the sense of the location of the body comes from the emphasis on information in the visual modality, which can also account for the subjective feeling of ownership of the hand. This results from the localisation of the haptic information within a representation of the body that has been constructed from the information available to the participant. In the illusion, the descriptive grammatical construction of the haptic sensation is accurate, however, the spatial aspect has been shifted.Craig (2009) examines the role of the insula in interoceptive awareness in areas as diverse as gastric distension, heartbeat and pain. He identifies awareness of bodily movements (rather than the sense of agency regarding movements) as a possible role for the insular cortex, as well as speech, self recognition and miscellaneous emotions, describing an emotional salience network in which insular cortical areas feature. He also suggests that the anterior insular cortex plays a role in surgery maintenance in which it is put at the heart of the switch to self reflective networks from central executive functioning. The insula is argued to contain representations of the self at every hour in time and to provide comparison between representations at different points in time. The predictive role that this implies may explain the role of the insula in emotions much(prenominal) as anxiety. He also examines the role of the anterior cingulate cortex in in teroception and self awareness, noting its numerous connections with the insular cortex. He also posits an evolutionary theory, wherein the anterior cingulate and anterior insular cortex developed independently, but subsequently came to have more incorporated functioning that performed the role of interoception, specifically managing autonomic activity. He argues that this explains the close kindred of the two areas in various neuroimaging studies.In conclusion, the rubber hand illusion has provided much insight into human interoception. It has revealed the different kinds of information involved in this extremity by showing how it can be tricked, as well as the flexibility inherent in the system. Neuroimaging studies using the illusion have revealed the mediating brain areas, which in turn leads to tantalising hints about how the conscious sense of the body arises. The experience of ownership of the body may be a significant aspect of self-specificity. This illustrated by the dif ferent ways that multisensory integration and internal models of the body are able to manipulate important psychological and even physical elements of the self, the prime example being the rubber hand illusion. Interoception has important implications for some groups of patients, in particular amputees. The rubber hand illusion has shown how outside objects can fairly easily be integrated into the body image. The withdrawal reactions that are elicited from participants are the same in kind to those that arise when replacement limbs are under threat.

Tobacco Litigation :: essays research papers

THE BATTLE OF MINNESOTADocument Discovery In The1997 Minnesota Tobacco Litigation. I. INTRODUCTIONAlthough any intelligent observer would tell you the prospect long loomed on the horizon, on July 14, 2000, when a Florida jury handed down a judgment of $144.8 billion dollars against the s blush study tobacco plant companies , the mental shock of hearing such a figure was still staggering. It remains unclear as of this writing exactly how much of this monumental verdict will ever be collected by the plaintiffs - a behemoth class of Florida smokers - injured by the products marketed, manufactured and sold by the defendants. In the days immediately following the judgement, the tobacco industry carried on business as usual and even the companies stock prices remained largely unchanged . Irrespective of the stripped-down immediate financial and social effects of this judgment, the sound implications for the tobacco industry, the plaintiffs bar, and the state and federal government en tities presently bringing suit for tobacco related harms, cannot be overemphasized. The Florida judgment, the largest in civil licit history, although unique in its outcome, was only one more chapter in the long and still unfolding saga of American tobacco litigation. After many years of successfully fighting countless(prenominal) wars in the arena of civil mass torts, Goliath had fallen, and although he was far from dead, he could no longer afford to laugh at the prospect of the battle before him. The husband and wife legal team of Stanley and Irene Rosenblatt had successfully felled an opponent that, less than a decade earlier, had toppled even the best and brightest of the plaintiffs bar. The Florida plaintiffs arsenal, however, was filled with the unique and powerful ammunition of countless confidential documents passed between the defendants employees, and even their legal counsel. Without a slingshot full of these stones, Goliath was unlikely to have fallen, and the manner, and legal justification for how they were introduced into evidence remains a controversy of great legal significance. For even now, as the practical and legal ramifications of the Florida case and judgment remain unclear, many legal scholars are still busy debating the outcome of a prior legal battle, without which the Florida judgment never could have occurred the battle of Minnesota. II. Tobacco Litigation - A History of The Three WavesA. The First Wave (1950 - 1980)For ease of reference, the history of tobacco litigation is usually summarized into three waves.

Soliloquy Essays - Analysis of Hamlets Soliloquies :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Analysis of small towns Soliloquies To be or not to be--that is the question... legion(predicate) people incorrectly interpret those famed words of Hamlets, not knowing the true meaning or background behind his speech. In his soliloquy, Hamlet contemplates whether or not he should take it upon himself to influence accordingly to his uncles/step-fathers crime against his own father. However, subsequently on in the play, Hamlet realizes Fortinbras resolve and his quest for victory. By witnessing Fortinbras and his actions, Hamlet comes to realize that he has no inside struggle and sees the actions that he must take in devote to bring inner peace to himself and avenge his fathers murder. In his most famous soliloquy, Hamlet ponders whether he should take action against his sea of troubles and seek revenge for his fathers death or live with the pain of his fathers murder. Hamlets weakness is later illustrated when he passes up the opportunity to wipe out Claudius by r ationalizing that he has made peace with God, therefore sending him to Heaven if he were to be slain. In entree to his proposal of vengeance, he also contemplates whether it is amend to stay alive or commit suicide. To die, to sleep--/No more--and by a sleep to say we end/The heartbreak and the thousand natural shocks/That flash is heritor to--tis a consummation/Devoutly to be wished (III,i,68-71). If he were to sleep, he feels that all his troubles would vanish, and this would not be such a bad thing. However, he says that if he were to sleep, he might have disturbing dreams while in slumber which would be wholly undesirable. Hamlet knows that what he wishes to do to his uncle is sinful and wrong, but it is this train of imagination that leaves him in a state of anxiety. This soliloquy portrays Hamlet as a sort of coward because he can not act upon his own emotions and desires. In order to escape his heartache, he cowardly thinks about killing himself. Nevertheless , Hamlets resolve makes a dramatic turn by the eon he recites his soliloquy of Act IV, expression iv. In his last soliloquy, it is obvious that Hamlets state of mind has gone through a metamorphosis. Unlike his To be or not to be soliloquy, Hamlet knows how overmuch of a coward he has been and illustrates this in his final soliloquy by comparing himself to Fortinbras.Soliloquy Essays - Analysis of Hamlets Soliloquies Shakespeare Hamlet EssaysAnalysis of Hamlets Soliloquies To be or not to be--that is the question... Many people incorrectly interpret those famous words of Hamlets, not knowing the true meaning or background behind his speech. In his soliloquy, Hamlet contemplates whether or not he should take it upon himself to act accordingly to his uncles/step-fathers crime against his own father. However, later on in the play, Hamlet realizes Fortinbras resolve and his quest for victory. By witnessing Fortinbras and his actions, Hamlet comes to realize that he has no inner struggle and sees the actions that he must take in order to bring inner peace to himself and avenge his fathers murder. In his most famous soliloquy, Hamlet ponders whether he should take action against his sea of troubles and seek revenge for his fathers death or live with the pain of his fathers murder. Hamlets weakness is later illustrated when he passes up the opportunity to kill Claudius by rationalizing that he has made peace with God, therefore sending him to Heaven if he were to be slain. In addition to his proposal of vengeance, he also contemplates whether it is better to stay alive or commit suicide. To die, to sleep--/No more--and by a sleep to say we end/The heartache and the thousand natural shocks/That flash is heir to--tis a consummation/Devoutly to be wished (III,i,68-71). If he were to sleep, he feels that all his troubles would vanish, and this would not be such a bad thing. However, he says that if he were to sleep, he might have disturbing dreams while in slumber which would be wholly undesirable. Hamlet knows that what he wishes to do to his uncle is sinful and wrong, but it is this train of thought that leaves him in a state of anxiety. This soliloquy portrays Hamlet as a sort of coward because he can not act upon his own emotions and desires. In order to escape his heartache, he cowardly thinks about killing himself. Nevertheless, Hamlets resolve makes a dramatic turn by the time he recites his soliloquy of Act IV, Scene iv. In his last soliloquy, it is obvious that Hamlets state of mind has gone through a metamorphosis. Unlike his To be or not to be soliloquy, Hamlet knows how much of a coward he has been and illustrates this in his final soliloquy by comparing himself to Fortinbras.