Tobacco Litigation :: essays research papers

THE BATTLE OF MINNESOTADocument Discovery In The1997 Minnesota Tobacco Litigation. I. INTRODUCTIONAlthough any intelligent observer would tell you the prospect long loomed on the horizon, on July 14, 2000, when a Florida jury handed down a judgment of $144.8 billion dollars against the s blush study tobacco plant companies , the mental shock of hearing such a figure was still staggering. It remains unclear as of this writing exactly how much of this monumental verdict will ever be collected by the plaintiffs - a behemoth class of Florida smokers - injured by the products marketed, manufactured and sold by the defendants. In the days immediately following the judgement, the tobacco industry carried on business as usual and even the companies stock prices remained largely unchanged . Irrespective of the stripped-down immediate financial and social effects of this judgment, the sound implications for the tobacco industry, the plaintiffs bar, and the state and federal government en tities presently bringing suit for tobacco related harms, cannot be overemphasized. The Florida judgment, the largest in civil licit history, although unique in its outcome, was only one more chapter in the long and still unfolding saga of American tobacco litigation. After many years of successfully fighting countless(prenominal) wars in the arena of civil mass torts, Goliath had fallen, and although he was far from dead, he could no longer afford to laugh at the prospect of the battle before him. The husband and wife legal team of Stanley and Irene Rosenblatt had successfully felled an opponent that, less than a decade earlier, had toppled even the best and brightest of the plaintiffs bar. The Florida plaintiffs arsenal, however, was filled with the unique and powerful ammunition of countless confidential documents passed between the defendants employees, and even their legal counsel. Without a slingshot full of these stones, Goliath was unlikely to have fallen, and the manner, and legal justification for how they were introduced into evidence remains a controversy of great legal significance. For even now, as the practical and legal ramifications of the Florida case and judgment remain unclear, many legal scholars are still busy debating the outcome of a prior legal battle, without which the Florida judgment never could have occurred the battle of Minnesota. II. Tobacco Litigation - A History of The Three WavesA. The First Wave (1950 - 1980)For ease of reference, the history of tobacco litigation is usually summarized into three waves.

Soliloquy Essays - Analysis of Hamlets Soliloquies :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Analysis of small towns Soliloquies To be or not to be--that is the question... legion(predicate) people incorrectly interpret those famed words of Hamlets, not knowing the true meaning or background behind his speech. In his soliloquy, Hamlet contemplates whether or not he should take it upon himself to influence accordingly to his uncles/step-fathers crime against his own father. However, subsequently on in the play, Hamlet realizes Fortinbras resolve and his quest for victory. By witnessing Fortinbras and his actions, Hamlet comes to realize that he has no inside struggle and sees the actions that he must take in devote to bring inner peace to himself and avenge his fathers murder. In his most famous soliloquy, Hamlet ponders whether he should take action against his sea of troubles and seek revenge for his fathers death or live with the pain of his fathers murder. Hamlets weakness is later illustrated when he passes up the opportunity to wipe out Claudius by r ationalizing that he has made peace with God, therefore sending him to Heaven if he were to be slain. In entree to his proposal of vengeance, he also contemplates whether it is amend to stay alive or commit suicide. To die, to sleep--/No more--and by a sleep to say we end/The heartbreak and the thousand natural shocks/That flash is heritor to--tis a consummation/Devoutly to be wished (III,i,68-71). If he were to sleep, he feels that all his troubles would vanish, and this would not be such a bad thing. However, he says that if he were to sleep, he might have disturbing dreams while in slumber which would be wholly undesirable. Hamlet knows that what he wishes to do to his uncle is sinful and wrong, but it is this train of imagination that leaves him in a state of anxiety. This soliloquy portrays Hamlet as a sort of coward because he can not act upon his own emotions and desires. In order to escape his heartache, he cowardly thinks about killing himself. Nevertheless , Hamlets resolve makes a dramatic turn by the eon he recites his soliloquy of Act IV, expression iv. In his last soliloquy, it is obvious that Hamlets state of mind has gone through a metamorphosis. Unlike his To be or not to be soliloquy, Hamlet knows how overmuch of a coward he has been and illustrates this in his final soliloquy by comparing himself to Fortinbras.Soliloquy Essays - Analysis of Hamlets Soliloquies Shakespeare Hamlet EssaysAnalysis of Hamlets Soliloquies To be or not to be--that is the question... Many people incorrectly interpret those famous words of Hamlets, not knowing the true meaning or background behind his speech. In his soliloquy, Hamlet contemplates whether or not he should take it upon himself to act accordingly to his uncles/step-fathers crime against his own father. However, later on in the play, Hamlet realizes Fortinbras resolve and his quest for victory. By witnessing Fortinbras and his actions, Hamlet comes to realize that he has no inner struggle and sees the actions that he must take in order to bring inner peace to himself and avenge his fathers murder. In his most famous soliloquy, Hamlet ponders whether he should take action against his sea of troubles and seek revenge for his fathers death or live with the pain of his fathers murder. Hamlets weakness is later illustrated when he passes up the opportunity to kill Claudius by rationalizing that he has made peace with God, therefore sending him to Heaven if he were to be slain. In addition to his proposal of vengeance, he also contemplates whether it is better to stay alive or commit suicide. To die, to sleep--/No more--and by a sleep to say we end/The heartache and the thousand natural shocks/That flash is heir to--tis a consummation/Devoutly to be wished (III,i,68-71). If he were to sleep, he feels that all his troubles would vanish, and this would not be such a bad thing. However, he says that if he were to sleep, he might have disturbing dreams while in slumber which would be wholly undesirable. Hamlet knows that what he wishes to do to his uncle is sinful and wrong, but it is this train of thought that leaves him in a state of anxiety. This soliloquy portrays Hamlet as a sort of coward because he can not act upon his own emotions and desires. In order to escape his heartache, he cowardly thinks about killing himself. Nevertheless, Hamlets resolve makes a dramatic turn by the time he recites his soliloquy of Act IV, Scene iv. In his last soliloquy, it is obvious that Hamlets state of mind has gone through a metamorphosis. Unlike his To be or not to be soliloquy, Hamlet knows how much of a coward he has been and illustrates this in his final soliloquy by comparing himself to Fortinbras.

Future of the Internet in Education Essay -- Internet

How often does one find himself checking the Internet for directions? How easy has the ability to find answers to questions become? How hard is the opportunity to check ones Internet to pass up? Why has the Internet become an every day, every hour part of life? With the capabilities of the Internet and what one can exceed his time doing on the Internet, the questions about the future of the Internets affects on its users continues to grow rapidly. The use of computer technology in the classroom is growing to be a major concern for parents and educators all over. How much time should children be allowed to browse on the Internet? Is the Internet affecting the childrens, the future of society, ability to centre? Should parents and educators trust the websites that students get their information from? Although the Internet has done an absolutely fabulous job at making what may have seemed impossible possible, with live pictorial matter chatting, music streaming, and online books, the Internet is definitely responsible reading and intellectual engagement problems in students. The Internet moves at very fast speeds and can access an great amount of information in less than a few seconds with a few typed letters and the click of a button. Search engines such as Google, Bing, yahoo, and Ask have mastered the ability to provide a person at search for just about any answer with what seems to look standardized an endless amount of links leading to what that individual could possibly be inquiring about. Then there are websites including GoogleMaps and Mapquest that help finding a computer address and/or direction to such destination a piece of cake. Such websites are without a doubt handy in providing a driver with step by step directions to where he coul... ...ary. Education Digest 67-1 (2001) 46-49. Academic Search Elite. Web. 13 March 2012.Keen, Andrew. The Cult of the Amateur. Perspectives on Argument. Ed. Nancy V. Wood.Boston. Pearson, 2012. 503-504. Print.K irshenbaum, Matthew. How Reading is existence Reimagined. Perspectives on Argument. Ed.Nancy V. Wood. Boston. Pearson, 2012. 508-510. Print.OHear, Steve. The Internet Can Increase Learning. Has Technology Increased Learning? Ed. Roman Espejo. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2009. At Issue. Rpt. from E-learning 2.0How Web Technologies Are Shaping Education. www.readwriteweb.com/archives/e-learning_20.php. 2006. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 19 Mar. 2012.Wells, Melissa. Internet-Related Problems Coming to The Attention of School Social Workers.Children & Schools 28.4 (2006) 237-242. Academic Search Elite. Web. 13 March 2012.

Media’s Influence on Adolescent Body Image Essay -- Adolescent Behavio

Todays society is a consumers society in which trying to obtain perfection is one of the accelerated selling businesses (DeLaMater Pg. 12). Mass media, advertising, and fashion industries are being accused of feeding off females dissatisfaction with their bodies by portraying unhealthy thin role models in society to sell their products. This unachievable physique and lifestyle has led todays adolescence down a dark path of much(prenominal) extreme eating disorders as anorexia and bulimia. Although it may sound nice to be societies perception of thin, there are consequences to these eating disorders such as cardiac failure that lead to horrifying defects or even death. In the 1950s, models such as Marilyn Monroe or Zhazha Gabor didnt suffer from a lack of beauty due to a voluptuous figure. Then start in 1960s the ideal body has become more slim and slender. Twiggy had become a singer, actress, and a fashion icon during the 1960s when she became the count of the fashion industry. T wiggy began to starve herself in order to become more beautiful. In addition to having such an influence on fashion, Twiggy had as well as changed the way that women thought about their own bodies, (Rosenzweig et al. Pg.62). Women of the 1960s and today have struggled to attain this slender body such as Twiggys, sometimes going to extreme lengths to do so. Although some of these role models might actually obtain these thin bodies through strenuous workouts and healthy diets, there are a huge number of them, such as Twiggy, that obtained them through extreme dieting. Frightened and inspired by these role models, overweight and even teenagers that are healthy according to their BMI (Body Mass Index) continue with stark dieting and exercise regimens. An Article... ...en death associated with eating disorders. Internet Journal of Cardiovascular Research 7.1 (2010) 1. Web. 22 Mar. 2011.Mehler, Philip S., and Mori Krantz. Anorexia Nervosa Medical Issues. Journal of Womens Health (15409 996) 12.4 (2003) 331. Web. 22 Mar. 2011. (331-340)Morris, Anne, Katzman Debra. The Impact of the Media on Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Paediatrics & Child Health (2003) 287-289. Pulsis Group Inc. Web. 18 March 2011.Rosenzweig, Marianne, and Jean Spruill. Twenty Years After Twiggy A backward Investigation of Bulimic-Like Behaviors. International Journal of Eating Disorders 6.1 (1987) 59-65. Web. 22 Mar. 2011.Winston, A. P., and P. J. Stafford. Cardiovascular effects of anorexia nervosa. European Eating Disorders Review 8.2 (2000) 117-125. Web. 2 Mar. 2011.http//www.wisegeek.com/who-is-twiggy.htm

One Man, One Vote? Essay -- essays research papers

One Man, One Vote?Joseph Farkas cogitates that every right to suffrage protrude should equal every other vote.He feels that many tidy sum are voting without knowing why they are voting for a received someone or why they arent voting for another. He orders that a vote affirmby a person with no or very minute companionship in the preference should not count asmuch as a vote cast by a person who knows alot or so the election. The peoplewho care about(predicate) who has an essential role in the government should have a largesay in who is going to have that important role. The votes cast by a person whodoesnt really know why they are voting for someone should not equal as much asan election educated person.I do not find that this is a good idea at all. It would not encouragepeople to learn more than about the election but keep them away from the voting area.It will probably withdraw people not want to vote because many of them would thinkthat their vote will not mean as much to the election. It would make the peoplewho are familiar with the candidates want to vote because they would have abigger say in who gets elected. It would be very hard to decide who know whatabout the running candidates and issues that are being addressed. They wouldhave to give some considerate of multiple-choice question test that you had to fill outwhile voting. It would take a long time for each person to vote and I think thatwould make people less encouraged to come and vote. Sin... One Man, One Vote? Essay -- essays research papers One Man, One Vote?Joseph Farkas thinks that every vote cast should equal every other vote.He feels that many people are voting without knowing why they are voting for acertain person or why they arent voting for another. He says that a vote castby a person with no or very little knowledge in the election should not count asmuch as a vote cast by a person who knows alot about the election. The peoplewho care about who has an i mportant role in the government should have a biggersay in who is going to have that important role. The votes cast by a person whodoesnt really know why they are voting for someone should not equal as much asan election educated person.I do not think that this is a good idea at all. It would not encouragepeople to learn more about the election but keep them away from the voting area.It will probably make people not want to vote because many of them would thinkthat their vote will not mean as much to the election. It would make the peoplewho are familiar with the candidates want to vote because they would have abigger say in who gets elected. It would be very hard to decide who know whatabout the running candidates and issues that are being addressed. They wouldhave to give some kind of multiple-choice question test that you had to fill outwhile voting. It would take a long time for each person to vote and I think thatwould make people less encouraged to come and vote. Sin...

Social Constructs :: Sociology

Social Construct influences the extent in which we are salutary and somatogeneticly active. It determines how we use wellness services, recreational facilities and sporting opportunities to our benefits. It also guides our response to health and physical activity challenges and how an idiosyncratic views health as a brotherly construct.The advantages of viewing health of an individual through social constructs have many reasons. Some being that it supports principles of diversity and social justice. Australia is diverse in terms of multiculturalism, socio-economic condition and geographic location. Socio-economic status relates how much the individuals income is, their employment status, car/home ownership or their knowledge about health. Being geographically isolated means not having access to available health services. It is taken into account so that the individual has a sense of belonging and empowerment to improve their health. The individual should have a supportive envir onment so that changes can occur for the better and to ensure the individual develops a sense of ownership for their health.Another advantage would be that is recognises the interrelationships betwixt socio-cultural and environmental factors that influence social constructs. Many cultural and environmental factors impact and influence in individual?s health. Some of these may include, the climatic conditions, physical environment which influences the health of the individual and what society and culture expects of them. Climatic conditions can have a big impact of an individual?s health because of the decrease amount of space to do physical activity. Final advantage is that it challenges the notion that health is solely an individual?s responsibility. For improvements to be made in health, the individual has to take full responsibility and to agree that they are to be blamed for their poor health levels. Through influences of social constructs the individual should make informed d ecisions regarding their health and should be more motivated to facilitate change.

Foster Care Essay examples -- non-parental custodians

Foster rush INTRODUCTIONAn ideal environment for the social, emotional, and developmental growth of baby birdren does not always follow in todays society. Family units that have become separated due to family or behavior problems often contribute to delays in these areas. In order to come on continuity in the social, emotional, and developmental growth of children who have been victims of family disruption, children are often removed from the home and placed in rear occupy. Placement in the nurse care system affects children in a unique, individual fashion. The affects of child-care by non-parental custodians, though subjective in nature, have common parameters that must be addressed and examined. agreement treasure care placement is crucial in order to fully evaluate some(prenominal) its advantages and disadvantages.WHAT IS FOSTER CARE?According to the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System, Foster care means 24-hour substitute care for all children placed away from their parents or guardians and for whom the State elbow room has placement and care responsibility. Though this definition excludes children in privately funded foster care arrangements, placement in a facility not governed by a state agency is often sought for children. Placement with either a state agency or a privately funded program can either be short-run lasting several months, or extend for a period of years as in long-term placement. The duration of time spent in the foster care system is dependent upon the existing home environment and the ability of the caregivers in the home to provide a safe and nurturing environment for the child. An evaluation of both the present and pre-existing home environment is crucial in making the decision of whether to remove the child from foster care and reunite them with their parental custodians or to continue placement in the foster care system. FOSTER CARE PLACEMENTThough it is difficult to separate a child from his parental c ustodians, foster care placement is deemed necessary in situations of abuse or neglect. Severe behavioral problems on the part of the child as well as a variety of parental problems, including abandonment, illness (either physical or emotional), incarcerations, alcohol/substance abuse, and death, are also reasons deemed legitimate to warrant removal from the home. A child, who has been sub... ... has been victimized in his or her home environment. It can, however, with proper placement, provide a safe and nurturing environment that will encourage self-growth and self-achievement. The ultimate goal of foster care placement is reunification with the family. Plans must be implemented so that this goal can be achieved. The problems leading to foster care placement need to be rectified out front a safe return home is possible. Failure to fully assess the situation will reap only negative results and problems may escalate. The welfare of the child must be the primary concern. BIBLIOGRAP HYBerrier, Selena. The Effects of Grief and Loss on Children in Foster Care. Fostering Perspectives. November 2007.Conn, R. A. Developmental Issues for Young Children in Foster Care. Pediatrics.5 November 2004.Hueber, Ruth A. The Effects of Foster Care on Children. Child Welfare Research.9 November 2005.Marshner, Connie. Reform the Nations Foster Care System. Family Research Council.10 January 2008.Stewart, Gordon. Safety and Stability for Foster Children A Developmental Perspective. Journal of Pediatrics. February 2007.